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ENVIRONMENTAL SCULPTURE, LAND ART PROJECTS and LANDSCAPE SCULPTURES

land art	environmental installation	2000 - 2010
environmental art	environmental installation
urban environment	environmental design
environmental art	environmental art	1990 - 2000
land art	land art
environmental sculpture	land art
urban environment	environmental installation
environmental art	urban environment
urban environment	land art	1980 - 1990
environmental art	urban environment
land art	environmental sculpture	1969 - 1980

The above terms are about environmental art in the landscape and in urban environments. Some can be classified as land art, while others are actually urban environments. Environmental art is of- or pertains to the environment. Therefore it is so that land art is also a form of environmental art. When the used material is local material, it can be called land art as well as environmental art. Being of the same material, the work becomes one with its surroundings, while at the same time it distinguishes itself from it. The surroundings reflect in the work. There have been and still are, various other terms used, like earth art and landworks.

I think that nowadays it is less likely that land art will also be called environmental art because the term environmental has gotten a broader and shifted meaning. It used to mean a specific surroundings, which could indeed be an environment like that of a dumpsite. But its definition has evolved towards an awareness of our natural environment and our preservational responsibilities concerning it.

These works are more than being in dialogue with their surroundings; they cross the borders between themselves and their surrounding environment. In this way they become part of- and form a totality with the original environment, which has been transformed by their introduction. Maybe it can be said that land art points outwards and manifests itself, while environmental art is more introvert. I don't think size matters in attempting to classify one or the other.

Some works were conceived for exhibitions and symposia and have disappeared. Most works are meant to be permanent. Their permanence varies, depending on various factors - environmental, as well as human factors. Maintenance is one of them. The willingness to preserve works of art depends on the level of appreciation. A few works have disappeared in the period between their installation and the present day.

• environmental sculpture
• environmental art in Holland and Finland
• environmental art by Lucien den Arend
• the evolution of the term environmental art

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